First, import and export of machinery industry in 2010 hit a record high.
According to customs statistics, total import and export of machinery industry in 2010 $ 513,830,000,000, an increase of 36.39%. Among them, the imports of $ 255,347,000,000, an increase of 41.14%; exports of $ 258,483,000,000,DU bushing an increase of 32%. Trade surplus of 3.136 billion U.S. dollars (by China Machinery Industry Federation statistics, the same below.)
1. Rapid export growth, a record high.
In 2010, exports of machinery industry has exceeded the maximum of the 2008 calendar year (export $ 242,498,000,000) level. Mould guide plate Compared with a year earlier, within the machinery industry sectors, in addition to the decline in exports of heavy mining machinery, other industries grew more than 20% in which the two machine parts and automotive industry, the fastest growing, plasic bushing up 43.73% and 40.3%.
Export growth last year with more than 50% of products are: tractors, diesel engines, loaders, forklifts, electronic measuring instruments, automobile instrument, plastic machinery, machine tools, gas turbine, low pressure switch board cabinets, tooling, pneumatic components, bearings, cars, sport utility vehicles, small buses, buses and so on. Exports of these products is very good.
In 2010, the state-owned enterprises exported 43.313 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 16.76% of total exports; foreign to 141.926 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 54.91%; private enterprises 73.243 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 28.33%.
Began to change the geographical distribution of exports to the developed economies, the share of exports began to decline, emerging economies and developing countries has risen. In total exports, the European Union, the United States, Japan, the proportion of developed economies, accounting for 43.53% from 2008, dropped to 41.55% in 2010. Description of the financial crisis on the impact of large developed economies, demand decreased.
2. Rapid growth of imports, imports greatly exceeded the highest level over the years.
In 2010, imports of machinery industry in excess of the maximum of the 2008 calendar year (imports 194.83 billion U.S. dollars) level. Year with the previous year, net imports amounted to 74.43 billion U.S. dollars, also a record high, gaining momentum.
Compared with a year earlier, machinery and industrial sectors within the overall growth of imports, import growth is the largest of which is the automotive industry, up 74.95%; followed by the machine tool industry, 66.73%; again is 65.93% of construction machinery industry.
Compared with the same period more than doubled imports of products mainly include: tractors, excavators, paving machines, automotive instrumentation, machining centers, cars, small buses, buses and so on. The reasons for rapid growth, in addition to cars, passenger cars, sport utility vehicles, motorcycles, cameras and other consumer demand, the investment in fixed assets was mainly due to the strong pull.
After analysis, the annual net increase of 74.43 billion U.S. dollars, the automotive industry, a net increase of $ 20,920,000,000; followed by the electrical appliances industry, a net increase of $ 10,260,000,000; Once again, the instrumentation industry, a net increase of $ 8,730,000,000; the fourth is the machine tool industry, a net increase of $ 6,370,000,000. Among them, the automobile, machine tools, excavators, power electronics components, automatic adjustment and control instruments import growth is gaining momentum.
Second, import and export of machinery industry in 2011 faced with new situations and new problems.
1. Exports.
2011 World economy is in recovery phase after the financial crisis, economic growth will gradually recover. The International Monetary Fund predicts that the developed economies in 2011 will be an increase of 2.4% of GDP, GDP will grow 6.6% in developing countries is about. Demand is expected to increase in the international market, especially China and emerging economies and developing countries in economic and technological cooperation have been expanding, with completion of a free trade area with ASEAN, Chile, Peru, Singapore and other countries signed a free trade zone agreements and other factors, in 2011 the international economic environment is conducive to China's machinery industry steady and rapid development of foreign trade.
Facing new situations and new problems:
First, the RMB appreciation pressure. June 19, 2010, the PBC announced to continue exchange rate reform, the exchange rate more flexible. Appreciation of 3.2% within six months. This will greatly increase the cost of exports.
Second, some raw materials such as steel, copper and aluminum and other nonferrous metal prices may rise; labor costs; bank loan interest rates, etc., will increase export costs and reduce the export competitiveness of the export enterprises are facing difficulties.
Again, the national trade protectionism, trade frictions increase. Some developed countries led by the U.S., China in many fields of trade investigations and trade sanctions. Such as the recent U.S. exports to the wind power equipment trade survey; the United States in February 7, 2011 decision on the part of China's exports of oil drill pipe to impose high anti-dumping duties and countervailing duties, to block the export of our products to the United States.
Based on the above analysis, in 2011 despite a number of adverse factors and difficulties, but there are many favorable factors, the world economic recovery, China's export product mix is ??improving, the potential market for enterprises to develop some success, to carry out international operations made solid pace. Thus, exports of machinery industry in 2011 will continue to be steady and rapid growth of emerging economies and developing countries, the proportion of exports will continue to increase.
2. Imports.
First of all, the end of 2010 Central Economic Work Conference held that to "optimize our import mix and expand the scale of imports, the macroeconomic balance and to play imports on the important role of economic restructuring." Early 2011 held a national conference on commerce, the Commerce Department proposed to expand imports, and strive to achieve a basic balance of trade, revised and expanded product catalog to encourage imports, the implementation of preferential imports. The first half of 2011 the Ministry of Commerce held a national work conference on imports, introduced a policy to optimize the environment and promoting the development of China's import trade.
Secondly, the "cross-strait economic cooperation framework agreement" provides that from 1 January 2011, the mainland imported machinery from Taiwan, 176 products to lower tariffs. Most products (such as CNC lathe, etc.) import tariff in 2011 from 8% to 15% to 5% import tariff to zero in 2012. Tariff reduction is large main products include machine tools, plastics machinery, small power motors, dies, hydraulic parts.
Again, the RMB appreciation will reduce import costs, import favorable.
Third, a number of countermeasures.
1. To adapt to changes in the international market demand, adjust and optimize the export product mix.
The international financial crisis, countries have adopted a series of measures, some changes in the international market demand, the export enterprises to adapt to this change, according to user needs, timely adjustment of product structure, good service. Meanwhile, with the domestic enterprises to adjust product structure, transform the mode of progress, optimize the export product structure in time, and gradually reduce the "two-high" products.
2. Open up potential markets, attention to the European sovereign debt crisis.
Actively explore the Middle East, Central Asia, Latin America, Africa, Eastern Europe, India, Brazil, Russia and other markets, promoting diversification of export markets, and strive to make up for in the EU, the United States lost market share.
By the Greek debt crisis began, has been extended to Ireland, Spain and other countries, leading to the impact of European sovereign debt crisis continues to spread, prompting sharp depreciation of the euro, but also the appreciation of the renminbi relative to the euro, have a greater impact on China's exports. For companies need to pay close attention to the volatility of the euro exchange rate and market changes, and actively taking steps to adjust the export strategy.
3. Continue to "go out", increase the intensity of international operations.
In recent years, a number of powerful enterprises in China, international operations to achieve tangible results, and some are gradually building a global sales and service outlets, in order to further expand exports, create good conditions. Need to encourage more qualified enterprises to "go out" investment in enterprises, joint ventures with local enterprises, cooperation, or selective mergers, acquisitions of foreign companies with advanced manufacturing technology, to create conditions for gradually advanced technology to the domestic production products, so as to promote the adjustment of product mix upgrade.
4. To seize the opportunity to expand imports and improve the capability of independent innovation.
On the one hand, the enterprises should make full use of the country's policies to encourage imports, the introduction of advanced technology and equipment required for supporting the use of critical components and products. In the process of expansion of imports, the use of imported equipment for the chip, through negotiations with foreign investors, bidding, etc., also into technology; or to attract foreign import equipment with me, by the number of components for the system of our company and the transfer of part of the technology, With the increase in the number of similar equipment imports, and gradually expand the scope of our business for the system until all the mastery of technology.
On the other hand, we must strive to improve the capability of independent innovation. Innovation does not mean that everything must be developed from scratch. Economic globalization and rapid technological development today, no country in all areas can not independently develop technologies, closed-door innovation. In this sense, the emphasis on digestion and absorption of imported technology and re-innovation is very important. Therefore, we want to expand imports, while in the absorption and innovation to work hard, and continuously developed new products with independent intellectual property rights, efforts to improve competitiveness.
5. Actively create conditions to promote cross-border trade in RMB.
June 2010, the People's Bank of China and other departments issued "on the expansion of the pilot cross-border trade, the RMB settlement of issues related to notice," decided to expand the pilot cross-border trade, the RMB settlement of the territorial scope and scope of business.
This measure is an important choice to avoid exchange rate risk, can reduce dependence on the dollar, RMB appreciation to reduce the loss of export enterprises. Information from the recent multi-view, many foreign investors are willing to use RMB, and has achieved tangible results. According to statistics, 10 months of 2010, China has more than 70 countries and regions, the amount of import and export with more than 250 billion yuan RMB, has made great progress. Export enterprises in close cooperation with the customer to select the strength of the bank, and actively promote cross-border trade in RMB.